Not Following Directions in London: King’s Cross to Calthorpe Street

The surprise arrival of a package, containing a Red Nose Day T-shirt from my friend Dr. P.M. of Cambridge, reminded me that I have yet to write up the impressions from our medical history perambulations from February 2009. The idea was to try one or more of the walks described in Nick Black’s Walking London’s Medical History, take photos, and discuss the positive and negative aspects of the guidebook. For a variety of reasons, this did not go well for two distractible academic persons with diverse interests in British history, architecture, literature, social justice issues, and gardening … and no, not because I kept looking the wrong way and walking in front of buses and lorries (Dr. P.M. made sure I didn’t do that).

We decided to try Walk 3: A Cradle of Reform, starting at King’s Cross/St Pancras tube station. I believe you are meant to stand near the Euston Road exit and read five to six pages of rather small text, with information about infectious disease hospitals of the 19th century (e.g. London Fever Hospital, London Smallpox Hospital). This seemed likely to annoy other people, so we began walking towards the Royal National Throat, Nose, and Ear Hospital, founded by ENT surgeon Lennox Browne in 1874. There are four pages of rather small text on ENT hospitals and on the Royal Free Hospital, founded by William Marsden and originally located in the abandoned barracks of the Light Horse Volunteers on Gray’s Inn Road. The Royal Free Hospital was moved to Hampstead in 1974, and in its place is the expanded Eastman Dental Hospital.

ENT

Royal National Throat, Nose, and Ear Hospital

dental

Dental Hospital

Bored yet? We were. But slightly encouraged by the next set of instructions, we crossed Gray’s Inn Road to enter St. Andrew’s Gardens, bordered in part by the former Alfred Langton’s Nurses’ Home, built by the Royal Free to house its nursing staff.

standrews

Entering St. Andrew’s Gardens

This lovely urban refuge, which used to include a graveyard, was established through the Vestry of St. Pancras, and contains a public drinking fountain that provided clean water for the poor in the 19th century. It merits only a short paragraph in the guidebook, which is unfortunate, as it sequesters well-maintained rose gardens, visually interesting stacks of old gravestones, and a connection to the community and history of everyday life in London.

fountain

Public drinking fountain, St. Andrew’s Gardens

gravestones

Old gravestones, St. Andrew’s Gardens

On to Calthorpe Street, and there were 22 more pages of photos and squintingly tiny text for this particular walking tour. Our enthusiasm for following the tour to the letter was waning, and there were many fascinating sidetracks and photographic opportunities. We had started to stray from the route described in the guidebook, and several of its negatives had become apparent to us:

1. The map for each walk is tiny, cross streets and sites of interest are not marked, and the page is difficult to access repeatedly (I would have added a sticky tab on the map page). There is no obvious distinction made between existing buildings on former medical use sites, hospitals, and actual medical sites still in use.
2. Even with two literate and possibly over-educated people, it was difficult to follow the map and the extensive text. I think an outline version, embedded with the map on two full facing pages (or on a fold-out) would work better; the detailed history could be presented elsewhere.

We continued to Coram’s Fields, which has an interesting social justice history that I’ll save for the next installment. And as foreshadowing for our getting completely off track, I’ll mention that we also walked through an urban community garden project and took photos there.

To be continued ….

Posted in urban public health | Tagged , , | 10 Comments

Windfall 1. Crape myrtle and Spanish moss

With several days of freezing temperatures and brisk winds from the north last week, many things were blown from, or out of, neighborhood trees and shrubs. I decided to document some of the windfall that I pick up on long walks in one of my nature journals. Here is the first installment – sketches of dried crape myrtle buds (not a native species, but thrives here) and Spanish moss with its seed capsules:

spanish moss

Crape myrtle buds and Spanish moss, pen and watercolor

Posted in art journals | Tagged , | 9 Comments

Van der Volkswagen Forces

Pro football (US version) has never seemed as fun to watch as college football, and for me, the number of rats’ arses given about even the latter has declined significantly in the last decade.

But this is one cute SuperBowl commercial, especially for sci-fi/Star Wars geeks:

VW The Force

(Sorry, haven’t figured out how to embed video.)

Posted in American culture | Tagged , | 1 Comment

City at a standstill …

… because we aren’t at all prepared for even small amounts of snow and ice. We had freezing rain late last night, followed by less than an inch of snow overnight, but that’s enough to wreak havoc in a southern city. The university has delayed opening until noon, and I’m not sure that things will be thawed out sufficiently by then. I live at the base of a steep hill, with a bridge at the bottom, and all morning drivers have been turning around at the outlet for my neighborhood, after discovering that the hill is insurmountable for most vehicles.

drivers

Texas drivers, paralyzed with fear. Should I make cappucinos and venture out with the dog, to deliver them to “stranded” motorists?

I no longer have a vehicle equipped with 4WD; just a 10-year-old Honda Accord, and the F-250 behemoth, Smaug. I avoid driving Smaug when it’s raining – no way will he fly from the Lonely Mountain today.

smaug

Snow on the snout of the Smaug the Magnificent

I took the dog for our usual early morning walk, and she enjoyed the snow so much that she wanted to go out in the backyard when we returned … probably looking for mice near the compost and mulch piles. On several occasions, I’ve caught her in the yard trotting around with a mouse or rat tail hanging out of her mouth. Retrievers – gah!!!

dog

Labrador retriever and sagebrush

Sorry, my photos aren’t as pretty as Steffi’s!

EDIT: ‘nother dog photo from this morning. The Labbie is probably about 10 years old now, still very energetic. The age is only a guesstimate, as she was found abandoned out at my friends’ ranch, and the vet thought she was 4 or 5 at the time I adopted her.

dogdoor

I can has inside and on warm bed naow?

Posted in urban infrastructure | Tagged , , | 4 Comments

Wind Power for City People

In his 2011 State of the Union address, President Obama proposed a goal of 80% clean energy sources in the US by 2035, a mandate that would include a 700% increase in the generation of non-hydro renewable energy.  While solar panels and geothermal heat pumps are promising technologies (more about these in future posts), the renewable source that grabs much of the attention (both positive and negative), as well as taxpayer subsidies, is wind-generated energy.  The installed capacity for wind energy generation continues to grow in the US, and current production cost is less than 5 cents per kilowatt-hour, much lower than for solar.  But monetary costs don’t tell the whole story.

Many of the controversies surrounding wind-generated energy are evident in my home state of Texas, which has five large wind farms (and numerous smaller ones): Roscoe, Horse Hollow, Sweetwater, Buffalo Gap, and King Mountain.  Roscoe Wind Farm, in Nolan County, is the world’s largest, and generates enough power to supply over a quarter of a million Texas homes (which is probably equivalent, embarrassingly, to at least a million European homes, but we’re irredeemably prone to excess).  Electricity for the continually expanding city of San Antonio is provided by CPS Energy, which obtains wind-generated power from West Texas (Cottonwood Creek and Desert Sky Wind Farms) and from the Gulf Coast (Papalote Creek and Peñascal Wind Farms).  CPS customers can opt to pay higher rates, to purchase renewable energy and offset the higher costs associated with wind-generated electricity.  This is promoted as an environmentally responsible choice called Windtricity; I’m trying to decide whether to sign up, as our energy costs are relatively low, and I’d like to support the use of renewable energy sources.

pylons

High-voltage transmission lines near Government Canyon State Natural Area

However, there’s Trouble in the Wind-Powered City, Trouble with a capital “T”, which rhymes with “p”, and that stands for “pylons”. Or transmission towers, as we usually call them in the US. Of course the electricity has to be transferred from the wind farms to the cities, often over distances of hundreds of miles. The route from West Texas to San Antonio cuts through the scenic Hill Country, home to unique ecosystems and endangered species, and the site of historic ranches and private country retreats. The pylons divide properties, disrupt and fragment habitats, and fail to be pretty or scenic. They do not bear leaves that change color in the autumn. They don’t provide nesting sites for Golden-cheeked Warblers. No one wants to look at them. NOMBR: Not On My Big Ranch.

maples

Uvalde Bigtooth Maple, Lost Maples State Natural Area

Recently, this issue has come to a head, with the proposal to construct a high-voltage Competitive Renewal Energy Zone (CREZ) transmission line from San Angelo, to the town of Comfort, just west of San Antonio. Ranchers and property owners along the proposed routes protested vehemently, listing beautiful hillside views, historic Native American sites, bat colonies, family ranches, and endangered bird species as potential victims of transmission line construction. Apparently, the Public Utilities Commission listened to these concerns, and an alternate route, which minimized impacts on the ecosystem by following two existing major highways, was considered. And as of January 24, the issue has been settled, such that the lines transmitting “green energy” from the wind farm to San Antonio will be sited primarily along the Interstate-10 corridor, and will be strung on monopoles, rather than on the lattice-type pylons.

monopoles

Tubular steel monopoles near Helotes, TX

Under the circumstances, I think this is a fairly happy outcome. It’s unrealistic to expect that electricity demands will decrease, in a rapidly growing urban area such as San Antonio. CPS Energy does offer rebates for energy-efficient “green” home construction and renovation, appliances, and installation of solar panels, and encourages energy use reduction measures. But we all still use a lot of electricity, when compared to people who live elsewhere in the world, and that’s unlikely to change any time soon.

References:

National Wind Watch Website that collates news and information about industrial wind energy farms and issues across the globe.

Fitzgerald, Joan (2010) Emerald Cities: Urban Sustainability and Economic Development. Oxford University Press.

Posted in renewable energy | Tagged , , , | 6 Comments

Country Birds: Northern Cardinals

Last weekend, the weather here was cool, but dry, so I decided to go riding at my friends’ ranch west of the city, where I keep my horses. After our ride, I was drinking some juice at the main house, and while looking out the windows of the sunroom, noticed four male Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) on the swimming pool cover. Male birds have bright red plumage, so they are difficult not to notice. The four cardinals were joined by six more, all males, hopping around the pool deck and cover, and drinking from the rainwater that had collected on the pool cover from last week’s storms. Occasionally a female cardinal, with less conspicuous red-brown plumage, landed on the cover, but was usually chased away by a male bird. At one point, there were five or six female cardinals, and no males, poking through the leaf litter and drinking the pooled rainwater. My friends said they’ve seen up to fourteen male Northern Cardinals on the pool cover at one time. They have a bird feeder with sunflower seeds nearby, but there are also lots of native seeds and berries available to the birds during this season.

City bird sketches later this week – we see the occasional cardinal pair in town, but not nearly so many as can be seen regularly out in the countryside.

cardinals

Northern Cardinals on a swimming pool cover. Colored pencil and watercolor.

Posted in art journals | Tagged , | 3 Comments

Urban Wildlife: Virginia Opossum

Nothing infuriates my Labrador retriever quite like a cheeky opossum (Didelphis virginiana) in the backyard, or a spooked one running off to hide under a shed or in a rocky embankment in the park. She will give chase if possible, but if the opossum turns to hiss and bare its teeth, she’ll beat a hasty retreat. Over the Christmas break, my Labbie was obsessed with the scent and pursuit of an unidentified critter in my parents’ suburban backyard; my father later trapped (and released in a wooded area along a bayou) the mystery animal, which turned out to be an opossum. That opossum fled each time my dog caught its scent and gave chase (I’ve never seen one “play possum”), and truth be told, her “encounter” with brisket and ham scraps, purloined from the garbage, was much more traumatic (and costly).

opossum

Opossum, pen sketch from my nature journal. Note that I remembered the species name incorrectly; D. marsupialis is found in Central and South America.

Opossums are nocturnal, and frequently encountered in suburban and urban areas of the US after sunset, and before dawn. This marsupial was introduced to the West Coast during the First Depression, perhaps as a food source (ugh), and has become well-established west of the Rockies, beyond its native range in the eastern US. In addition to the nuisances created by raiding garbage cans, household breaking and entering, roadkill messes, and skirmishes with dogs and cats, opossums can also harbor parasites that may cause human disease. Typhus-like rickettsiae (ELB agent) were found in the spleens of opossums in Los Angeles county, CA; opossum fleas were also infected with the ELB agent, or with Rickettsia typhi. The ELB agent, also identified in cat fleas, was thought to be responsible for mild cases of human murine typhus in the Los Angeles area (Williams et al., 1992). Infected cat fleas and opossums were confirmed to be probable reservoirs for the ELB agent, as well as an explanation for the persistence of human murine typhus in southern Texas (Schriefer et al., 1994). One in four opossums captured in urban areas of Caracas, Venezuela, was infected with trypanosomes, and these animals may be a primary reservoir for Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease (Herrera and Urdaneta-Morales, 1992). Interestingly, opossums are fairly resistant to rabies infection, perhaps because of their lower body temperature.

chinaberries

Another common sight on suburban walks in this season: tallow tree berries

References:

Herrera L and Urdaneta-Morales S (1992) Didelphis marsupialis: a primary reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi in urban areas of Caracas, Venezuela. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 86, 607-612.

Schriefer ME, Sacci JB, Taylor JP, et al. (1994) Murine typhus: updated roles of multiple urban components and a second typhuslike Rickettsia. J Med Entomol 31, 681-685.

Williams SG, Sacci JB, Schriefer ME, et al. (1992) Typhus and typhuslike rickettsiae associated with opossums and their fleas in Los Angeles County, California. J Clin Microbiol 30, 1758-1762.

Posted in urban wildlife | Tagged , , | 11 Comments

Yarnstorming in the city limits

Or should I say, “knitty limits.” Yarnstorming, or yarn bombing, is a relatively new subgenre of street art, characterized by installations of knitted or crocheted pieces in public places. Although yarn bombs are intended to be non-permanent, and can be removed easily, they may be seen by some people as acts of vandalism, akin to the graffiti tags left by gang members to mark territory. Admittedly, there is a fine line that can be crossed when decorating or modifying any structures and features of city streets, and when leaving objects and installations in public spaces. It should become increasingly clear, if it isn’t already, on which side of the street art debate I reside.

diverseworks

Knitta, Please: DiverseWorks! Gallery, Houston, TX – photo by hometownzero, under Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

The original knitted graffiti artists’ group, Knitta Please, started in Houston, TX, and founder Magda Sayeg continues to travel and install knitted graffiti. According to Sayeg, yarnbombing was “the collective’s response to the mass-produced”, and a method of “adding warmth to our urban fixtures.” Now based in Austin, TX, Knitta Please continues to work “to redefine a craft that has been relegated to the stuffy attic of people’s brains”, and to realign our relationships with the components of the urban environment and concrete-and-steel city landscapes (parking meters, statues, lamp posts, exposed plumbing, etc.).

canberraknitta

Knitta Please, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra – photo by Buttontree Lane, under Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

The phenomenon of yarnbombing has exploded (softly, of course) after the initial installments by Knitta Please in 2005. Vancouver, BC was the site of several whimsical knitted and crocheted installations in the months prior to and during the 2010 Winter Olympics. Street art encountered fine art at the de Young Museum in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco in November 2010, with a yarn bomb on a utility pole. The Yarn Bombing blog reports on knitted and crocheted graffiti sightings and events worldwide, and even includes patterns for components of specialized yarnbombing installations, such as fiber cherry blossoms.

westernbridge

Knitta graffiti outside Western Bridge Art Space, Seattle, WA – photo by Joe Mabel, under GNU Free Documentation License

The guerilla nature of knitted graffiti means that it will often run afoul of local authorities, and while arrests for vandalism are rare or nonexistent, there have been several instances in which yarnbombers were threatened with legal action or forced to remove their installations. For example, city officials in the Bay Area demanded removal of a “T-cozy” installed on a public art piece in Oakland, CA. Your humble blog author will therefore keep her needles and hooks close to her chest, on the topic of participation in guerilla knitting, but would definitely appreciate photos of yarn bombs and other street art installations in your fair cities.

speedlimit

A speed limit signpost warmer about which I may, or may not, know something.

Posted in street art, urban landscape | Tagged , , , | 10 Comments

The End of Cities?

Whether I remember them very well or not, I’ve lived in large cities most of my life: Boston, Minneapolis, Houston, London, Dallas, New Orleans, and now, San Antonio. Although Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas rank fourth, seventh, and ninth respectively, in terms of population within the US, all three of these Texas cities are quite spread out geographically, with few limits to sprawl. Therefore, an urban lifestyle in San Antonio, for example, is often essentially suburban (perhaps even exurban), when compared to living conditions in many other cities in the US, and most of them elsewhere in the world. My workplace is not in downtown San Antonio, but even if it were, I could nevertheless live a few miles away and enjoy a stand-alone house with a yard of about 0.1 acre, for not much more investment than my current suburban residence required.

Because of my choices and specialization within academia, and my refusal to commute long distances (and, admittedly, to consider living in small town/rural US), I am tied to urban areas with health science centers and medical/dental schools. Accordingly, I’ve become increasingly interested in urban issues, and in particular, how varieties of city-dwelling strategies can in fact be green. I’ve started reading books on these subjects, and would like to discuss some of the ideas and controversies here at City Limits, as well as to hear about the experiences and thoughts of any other city-dwellers in the comments. As a disclaimer, these will NOT be zombie apocalypse/doomed urban dwellers posts, nor do I intend to be smug about my own (definitely non-exemplary) lifestyle (you can go blog-elsewhere for all that).

The catalogue of forms is endless: until every shape has found its city, new cities will continue to be born. When the forms exhaust their variety and come apart, the end of cities begins.
~ Italo Calvino

SFtracks

San Francisco, CA (Photo by G. Bobrowicz)

Are we beginning to see the exhaustion and dissolution of city-forms, and the end of cities, in the developed world? At his blog Aardvarchaeology, Dr. Martin Rundkvist links to a series of haunting photographs of abandoned buildings in a Shrinking City. Detroit, Michigan has been particularly hard-hit by the recession, with a dwindling population and a corresponding increase in residential vacancies; Yves Marchand and Romaine Meffre have documented architectural indicators of this decline in a photogallery titled Detroit in Ruins.

In The New York Times, Jonah Lehrer writes about the work of physicist Geoffrey West, who, with a team of researchers, analyzed huge amounts of data on cities worldwide, and developed elegant equations to describe urban variables. Lehrer reports that West can use these equations to predict numbers of violent crimes, or to estimate the dimensions of the sewer system, for cities of different sizes in a particular country. Such analyses of city infrastructure and consumption arose from West’s earlier work on the relationship between the metabolic rate of an animal and its mass. As in the animal kingdom, there are economies of scale in a large metropolis; in other words, big cities have the potential to be centers of sustainability. It’s that positive “green” potential, as well as the flip side, of urban sprawl and blight, which will be the main focus of this blog. There will be other stuff too – art journal images, silliness, natural history – and I’d love to read about the experiences of others living in cities, large and small, across the globe.

Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged , , | 10 Comments