Reverse genetics, ok, but reverse shoplifting?

Most of us in the biomedical sciences will be familiar with the term coined “reverse genetics-” namely the use of DNA sequences to understand the function of a gene by testing for phenotypes. But how about “reverse shoplifting?!

I recently attended an author showcase (where my own Lab Lit novels, Matter Over Mind  and Welcome Home, Sir were prominently featured–and it’s never to late to get a copy in tree or e-reader form! Great holiday gift for your favorite post-doc, student or PI!). But aside from my self-promotion here, I also picked up some rather quirky stories. For example, one about an author who promotes books by “reverse shoplifting.” Also known as “shopdropping.”

Well, although familiar with reverse genetics, I had not heard of this new technology–which may or may not be legal. So what is it?

Reverse shoplifting consists of a technique by which an author walks into a bookstore with several of his/her own published books, and comes out of the store without them. Why? Here’s the idea: the author places his/her books facing outwards at eye level in the shelves where the books would be showcased–if the book store carried them. The rationale is that eventually customers will pick up the books and decide to buy them.

Imagine the embarrassment:

-Sorry sir, it’s odd, but we don’t carry that novel! I just scanned it and don’t see it in the system.

-Well, could you just do it manually? It’s here in the store, and I’d like to buy it.

-Uhh, let me call my manager. I’m not sure what to do. Maybe we can call the publisher.

-Ok, but be quick, I want to buy this and go read.

I’ve also recently heard of another dubious marketing practice–placing business cards promoting novels in between the pages of best-sellers in the same genre!

There’s no end to the ingenuity of marketing.

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Frustrated, Flummoxed and (just plain) Fed-up

I am sick of the middle-east–or more accurately, the middle-east is making me sick. I have spent a good deal of my adult life actively defending the State of Israel; both by bearing arms in the military, and by serving as an unofficial ambassador to defend the country from its detractors.

Recently, I have published my initial blog on Occam’s Corner discussing why the so-called boycott of Israeli academics is hypocritical and silly, and then defended this position against anti-Israel propaganda here again on OT. More recently, I have argued Israel’s position with regards to its recent operation in Gaza to prevent continued rocket fire on Israeli citizens.

I have never backed away from criticizing Israel’s misguided policy of settling in the West Bank (and of course Gaza), but as the Hebrew saying (“Higiu mayim ad nafesh”) translates “The water has reached the soul–” and I am utterly fed up with Netanyahu and the Israeli government.

Instead of embracing the moderate Palestinian stance of Abu Mazen, and the common denominators that he put forth in seeking UN recognition–including a two-state solution recognizing Israel’s security on the basis of the pre-1967 borders–with no insistent rhetoric about the right of return of millions of former Palestinians to Israel, the detached Israeli government has spit into the face of the world. There is no anti-semitism/anti-Israeli hypocrisy here; Europe, a host of influential and generally supportive countries and the US (not to mention the Palestinians) see the decision of Netanyahu to start building again in disputed territory as a slap in the face. I see it that way too.

I am not alone. Article after article in the Israeli press–particularly in the excellent newspaper “Haaretz” lambastes Netanyahu over his arrogance and poor decision making; he, who wants to convince the world of existential threats coming from Iran, is wasting any political credit (although none is due) over useless policies of angering the Palestinians and the world by building in land that (hopefully) will be negotiated away as part of a peace agreement and two-state solution.

Why? Why does he do this? Why did he announce intentions of more controversial West bank building projects when Vice President Biden visited Israel? Why this show of arrogance and willingness to go against the entire world? One might argue, as Netanyahu clearly does, that the world is full of anti-Semites who hate Israel. But that argument fails when the US and Canada, Australia and Germany, are all voicing tremendous disappointment with Netanyahu’s behavior. No one will convince me that US policy is anti-Israel.

So why does Netanyahu do this? Is he really so obtuse, so caught up in his own righteous rhetoric, that Palestinian suffering means nothing to him? That he truly believes that Israel can continue to control these territories indefinitely?

Perhaps. But I think the answer lies with Netanyahu’s ideology–or rather–lack of it. Not that Israel’s right lacks ideological opponents of a two-state solution. But in Netanyahu’s case, it seems more likely that the man will say anything to get elected. If it served his purpose (eye on the polls) to push for a peaceful resolution to the conflict, I believe he would do it. But in Israel of 2012, the population is split, and Netanyahu expects his reelection to come from the right. Hence his merger with Avigdor Lieberman’s radical right wing party, and hence his decision to stir up international trouble. There’s nothing like the old “us against the world” rhetoric to stir up the right wing base and get the nationalistic juices flowing.

I’ve been venting, and one might wonder “what does this have to do with science and the lives of scientists?”

Well it has a lot to do with science. Because building government sponsored settlements in the occupied territories costs a lot of money. The security that is needed to provide for these residents is exceptionally expensive. Roads and schools need to be built. All at the expense of the government. The taxpayer.

At the same time Israel’s classrooms are overcrowded. Teachers are underpaid and treated like dirt. Almost no one wants to become a teacher. Although Israeli researchers have obtained several prominent Nobel prizes in recent years, concerned that science is derailing in Israel, a new program was recently instituted. I read that schools will select an extremely small number of high school students with IQ scores in the ‘genius’ range. This select group of about 15 students will begin in high school to work in science labs with prominent researchers, in an attempt to train “Israel’s next generation of Nobel laureates.”

When I read this in one of the Israeli newspapers, my BS detectors were screaming louder than a Geiger counter in a puddle of 32P. What?!!! Instead of methodically training students in the sciences and improving the education system, this is the great plan? Did any of the great planners of this program ever consider that diligence, creativity, management skills and a variety of others skills undetected by any IQ test are probably far more important for success in the sciences?

It’s all back to the same root–money. With huge investments in the West Bank and settlements and infrastructure, it’s no wonder idiotic and cheap programs for advancing science are being implemented rather than real improvements in education.

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First Aid and CPR for Hypochondriacs

When I heard the announcement, I knew that it was the right thing to do. How could it not be? What could be of more value, functionally and educationally, than doing a first aid + CPR course with my 10 year old son?

manny

My CPR partner and Manny, recently.

But when I raised my hand–and voice–at the end of my son’s Tae Kwon Do lesson and signed us up for the one-day course, I wasn’t sure if I could do it.

Of course I spent an entire two weeks doing first aid and what passed back a quarter century ago as CPR in the military. Grim scenarios, but it was a breeze. Indoors, not out in the rain and cold, with sand blowing in my face. It was a “treat” to do first aid in the winter. But of course, back then I wasn’t a certified hypochondriac.

Diseases terrify me. Accidents and horrific incidents occupy too much of my wakeful thoughts as is. I love being a cell biologist and biochemist, dealing at the level of cellular, molecular and atomic intricacies, and avoiding all things pathological.

Being a parent forced me to compartmentalize and detach from my fears–and complete my training with my young partner. Together with our “CPR victim,” Manny (short for mannequin), we practiced our chest compression, mouth-to-mouth respirations, and the use of the Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)–a technology which did not exist when I last learned CPR.

In the end I survived–and we both received our certification by passing an exam by the two trained medics/firefighters who provided the training and shared their tremendous experience with us.

certification

Were my fears realized? No! But I came out of the course with an injury. It turns out that CPR and compression on Manny’s chest (100 compressions per minute!) make for strenuous work, and my blister marks my badge of a ‘wannabe-good-Samaritan.’

CPR blister
CPR blister, recently.

 

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An age-old question

Let me start out by saying “!#%%$#@!!–I’ve been scooped!” It’s bad enough that it happens in science, but for a blog?

Having watched a good deal of news on the idiot box recently–something that happens every 3-4 years in our household as we despairing watch how tragedy unfolds in the middle-east–I was also privy to parts of an interview with an “up and coming rising star” in the Republican party named Marco Rubio.

One must understand that the Republicans are in tatters after this election; for many the proverbial shoe has dropped, and there is a realization that American demographics and attitudes are changing. Many now see marriage rights for gays as the new civil rights battle of the 21st century. However, there is a strong backlash against progressive Republicans, with the claim from Tea Party and their ilk that the moderate Republicans and their overly liberal attitudes are responsible for sinking the Republican ship. And then there’s Mitt Romney, whose statements about Hurricane Sandy causing him to lose the election, and claims that Obama won the election by handing out gifts to certain ethnic groups. Completely clueless. Well, good luck to them all in picking up the pieces and bringing the hyper-conservatives, moderates and clueless under one roof for the next election.

But back to Marco Rubio and the age-old question. He was interviewed by someone from GQ magazine (it took me ages to find out that this stands for Gentleman’s Quarterly–and a brief foray to their website assured me that I have no reason to return), who suddenly asked him “How old do you think the earth is?

While I was searching for the transcript to post his exact reply, I found that New York Times writer Ross Douthat beat me to the punch with an article entitled “Marco Rubio and the age of the earth.” To avoid being influenced by his comment, I will read his article only after I have posted mine. But I have a sneaky feeling that we are likely to have similar views about Rubio’s answer to the question.

And what was his answer? Well the correct answer is about 4.5 billion years. Marco Rubio’s answer was as follows:

I’m not a scientist, man. I can tell you what recorded history says, I can tell you what the Bible says, but I think that’s a dispute amongst theologians and I think it has nothing to do with the gross domestic product or economic growth of the United States. I think the age of the universe has zero to do with how our economy is going to grow. I’m not a scientist. I don’t think I’m qualified to answer a question like that. At the end of the day, I think there are multiple theories out there on how the universe was created and I think this is a country where people should have the opportunity to teach them all. I think parents should be able to teach their kids what their faith says, what science says. Whether the Earth was created in 7 days, or 7 actual eras, I’m not sure we’ll ever be able to answer that. It’s one of the great mysteries.”

Rubio says he doesn’t think he’s qualified to answer that. I’ve read that he has a degree in law, but not economics. Does that disqualify him from taking a stand on tax reform and other economic issues? Apparently not. He doesn’t hold a degree in international affairs, and he hasn’t served in the military. Is he still able to discuss world affairs and national defense issues?

This cop-out type of answer is a dangerous harbinger of the new style of attack on science. Whereas the loony Tea Party has been identified and shelved in the corner, along with their respective young-earth creationists and supporters, they at least are frank enough in their anti-science rhetoric so that the general public can view them for what they are: people who want to drag us back to the 19th, 18th and 17th centuries. Or farther.

On the other hand, the Rubio approach, which combines a more subtle technique that appears not to directly attack science, is probably infinitely more dangerous to science and scientists. “I don’t know.” “I’m not a scientist.” “It’s not my business.” “Let everyone teach and believe whatever they like.” “It doesn’t matter.” These types of supposed middle-ground views tend to resonate better with the uninitiated. But make no mistake–they are as brutal an attack on the validity of science as those positions put forth by Tea Party members and young-earth creationists.

I really don’t know how the Republican Party plans to get its act together, but the American people will clearly benefit from two educated and sophisticated parties who unequivocally embrace science and scientific evidence as the basis for technology and advancement in the modern world.

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Is science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) the big winner of the US elections?!

NS

Let me start off by offering my utmost congratulations to the statistician-bloggers who predicted the outcomes of the US elections with startling accuracy. The methodical and scientific approaches of using poll aggregates with statistical variables introduced in a wholly scientific manner was championed by The New York Times FiveSixtyEight blogger Nate Silver, Princeton neuroscientist Sam Wang (at the Princeton Election Consortium) and Emory political scientist Drew Linzer (at Votamatic)–as well as others.

So “taken” was I by this refreshingly scientific and solid statistical approach, computer simulations and calculations, that I spent some of my free time (3 minutes a day?) brushing up on my statistics to try to better understand the methods being used. Well before the election I became convinced by the evidence presented and was almost certain (Silver had a >90% certainty) of the upcoming election results. So already, before any new US government policies have been decided, I can call science and math as a big winner of this election cycle. As some would say, “the proof is in the pudding.”

But let’s move on and look at the ramifications of these US elections. First, whatever the situation with the fiscal cliff and the need for reducing spending to get the US debt under control, President Obama has consistently shown commitment to US science. His explicit vision for America is a country that needs to retain its edge as a leader in research, development and technology. This was stated again and again on the campaign trail and in election debates. As pointed out by my son, he even took part in a “Myth Buster” episode looking at the Archimedes Solar Ray myth. While Governor Romney never opposed science and technology, and did voice support, he left many in the country wondering how firm that commitment would be in the wake of proposed mass spending cuts.

To a certain extent, these elections also were a victory for women, who clearly were responsible for President Obama’s success, and for keeping two extremist Republicans out of the US senate. In Missouri, it is clear that Republican Todd Akin (who was well ahead in the polls over Democrat Claire McCaskill) lost his senate bid due to his egregious comment on ‘legitimate rape’ and ‘the ability of the female body to shut that whole thing down.’ His colleague, Richard Mourdock in Indiana, was filmed in a debate saying that “God intended for pregnancy to result from rape,” and met a similar losing fate.

I think, however, that the elections allow us significantly more insight into the changing world views and demographics of the US public (and I am optimistic). Excluding perhaps areas of the deep south, and of course isolated instances of racism (which unfortunately will probably always exist), the US is truly becoming a “rainbow” country as one political commentator noted. Latinos, Caucasians, African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans from India, China and other countries of the far east–all mixing together. Through the high numbers of integrated couples and their offspring, “race” will fast become a thing of the past–as typical descriptions (such as those I noted above) will not be sufficient to capture to rapidly changing population. Through kids in the US school system, it is easy to see that they simply don’t care about race; tolerance and equality is instilled early, and I have to say that it is working.

But the US elections showed more than just anger at a couple of repugnant Republican senate candidates and their disgusting comments. Gay marriage was on the ballot in several states, and won big. The younger generation–even those from conservative families–is clearly up to the task of the 21st century. In fact, I heard a reporter from the US National Public Radio describe his visit to Miami University (in Ohio!)–considered to be a bastion for conservative views, and the Alma mater of Vice Presidential candidate Paul Ryan. His own mentor and professor in economics noted (and I paraphrase): “Just as I don’t want the Democrats in my pocket book, I don’t want the Republicans in my bedroom.” Indeed, despite the popularity of Ryan on the campus, students expressed dismay for the candidate (and his party’s) radical views against gay marriage and abortion. In addition, evidence shows that an increasing number of youngsters are secular in the US (up to 1/5 of the population).

I am optimistic for STEM in the US. I know that the president is a strong supporter–his well intentioned American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) stimulus for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) proved this in the previous term. I only hope that the Congress will not provide unnecessary obstacles to advancing STEM in the US. This will be a sure way to alienate the majority of Americans.

 

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Beyond Beleaf

No time to write a “real blog” what with the unbeleafable pileup to deal with in my yard. And I’m preoccupied with the US elections (see my Occam’s Corner blog tomorrow!).

there goes the weekend

Hours of work, half way there:

halfway there

And finally done.

all done

Anyone care to guess how many leaves we collected in 29 full bags?

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Vain in my veins

library

As part of my exhaustive (exhausting?) all-encompassing marketing of my two novels, “Welcome Home, Sir” and “Matter Over Mind,” I have undertaken a campaign to get my novels purchased and on the shelves of public libraries. Indeed, this is a great potential market for any of you who might be trying to sell a few more books, as local libraries like to showcase local authors.

Shown above is one of my novels at my own local branch (there are 4 copies available in the library system, and 2 of my other novel). Although Truman Capote is not my favorite author, having “Matter Over Mind” by Caplan side-by-side with Capote is a pretty humbling experience. Or so says Mr. Vain…

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And for those serial denials, there’s always science…

A short time ago, I wasted some time watching excerpts from an interview of the Iranian president by Piers Morgan on CNN. Even the pause in answer due to the translations couldn’t mask the embarrassment that I felt watching the leader of such a large country—and one with such a refined history—deny the existence of the Holocaust. True, it was not an outright: “No it did not happen,” but rather a very weird avoidance of the issue, criticism of Mr. Morgan for “expecting only one answer,” and contention that “no one allows research to be done on the topic.” Perhaps a little side trip to the US Holocaust Museum on his next visit to the UN could be arranged.

In addition, Mr. Morgan questioned the leader about his statements that Israel should be wiped off the map. Needless to say, the replies were no more reassuring than those about his nuclear policy or the Holocaust. Indeed, according to this leader and other prominent opposers of Israel’s existence, Jews have no roots in the middle-east and should all go back to Europe or wherever the hell they came from.

Well, where did these pesky people actually come from? Here science comes to the rescue with an interesting new paper published by Campbell et al. (Proc. Natl Acad Sci., USA, 2012, 109(34):13865-13870) titled: North African Jewish and non-Jewish populations form distinctive, orthogonal clusters.

I have to admit that I was a little surprised by some of the history I learned. I had thought that since the Jews were expelled from the middle-east following the destruction of the 2nd temple, roughly 2000 years ago, I assumed that there was a fairly great concentration of Jews who lived in Spain and Portugal until the Spanish Inquisition. As it turns out, Spain was a magnet for Jews particularly from North Africa but also from central Europe—but this occurred primarily during the “Golden Age” of Spain and not immediately after the Jews were evicted from the middle-east. Also, these Jews who had moved to Spain and Portugal, dispersed back to their North African and European diasporas as the inquisition took place.

Using DNA analysis, this new paper unequivocally demonstrates that North African Jews comprise a distinct branch of Jews who are significantly related to Jews of Europe and the middle-east, all of which are part of a broad Jewish cluster. Within the North African group, the Algerian and Moroccan Jews show more similarity to the European Jews than do their Tunisian and Libyan counterparts. This seems logical, given the proximity of Algeria and Morocco to Spain and France. However, despite considerable intermarriage with the local populations in all North African countries, these varied Jewish populations are far more genetically related to one another than they are to their respective local populations. And all of these populations show a good deal of genetic similarity to current local non-Jewish populations of Israel, such as Bedouins and Palestinians. So from a scientific and historical perspective, it’s very clear that even European Jews have roots in the middle-east.

As an avowed atheist, I am not claiming that any land should belong to members of a certain religion based on godly or biblical promises. I’m not even necessarily advocating that “squatters rights” on a piece of land should necessarily provide the squatters with ownership—ownership of land/territories is a complex issue on this planet. I am, however, definitely saying that those who deny the existence of the Holocaust, maintain that “there is not enough evidence” or claim that Jews have never had roots in the middle-east are doing so for a very specific reason. It’s called anti-semitism.

 

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Keeping up appearances: I’ve been boto(x)-shopped!

It’s remarkable how hard it can be to keep up with the technology needed for success in science. It seems that almost weekly I am being forced to change software programs for manipulating DNA, proteins and so on. Part of it results from computer crashes, changes between PC and Mac, new updates and systems, etc. Other issues are the programs themselves that continue updating and “improving” until they get to the point where I can no longer just sit down and use them to churn out a graph or table.

On the other hand, I am awed by my offspring’s generation, and how rapidly they can adapt to any computer-based technology. My son, simply as a spare-time hobby, has so mastered every function available on the program Adobe Photoshop that I am seriously considering having him come in to the lab on a day off of school to demonstrate to my students and postdocs how to properly make figures in this program. His level of skill is so advanced, that he recently boto(x)-shopped me (see “young and old Steve”):

Old Steve
“Old Steve”

Young Steve
“Young Steve”

Yes, well, I once had fewer wrinkles. But kidding aside, of course this illustrates how easy it might be for someone to get away with scientific fraud. It also raises some interesting questions on ethics at the periphery of science.

For example, would it be ethical to send such a boto(x)-shopped picture in a resume? After all, advertisers and political campaigners do it all the time. Admittedly, at least in the US, photos are not part of a professional resume (nor is age). But hypothetically? I’m sure many of you would say “No!” And I wouldn’t disagree. But then would it be ethical to send a “non-boto(x)-shopped picture” taken 3 years ago? 5 years ago? 10? 15? I suspect that here the line might become blurry.

If we are discussing hypothetical situations and going to extremes, then what about in vivo appearance altering methods, such as hair color to get rid of gray? A wig? Actual plastic surgery? Obviously I’m not implying that these personal methods of keeping up appearances can or should be regulated, but just trying to tie them into the spectrum and point out that perhaps things are not as clear as we might immediately envision. I personally know of a former colleague who began to dye his hair all of the sudden; it turned out later that this was for the purpose of several job interviews. At the time this never would have occurred to me (even now it wouldn’t), but obviously there is at least a perception that appearing older might be detrimental for job interviews.

I suspect that these will be issues that continue to crop up as technology further blurs the line between reality and the impossible. And I will continue to age and prefer that to physical or virtual boto(x)-shopping.

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Cold Turkey

Why did the turkeys cross the road?

zorin-turkey

How on earth would I know? They aren’t exactly the most brilliant species alive…

Turkeys of course are a reminder of fall, although they abound in this area all through the year. We have even had one wander into our fenced in back yard, barely able to flap itself over the fence and into the neighbor’s domain.

But I have to admit that I am not a lover of autumn. Despite the beauty, for me there is a depressing feeling — of death (albeit leaves, plants and turf) and the idea of the wicked winter just around the corner. I don’t mind the winter, once it has arrived. But the ominous feeling of a chill in the air — that in between feeling, is what gets to me.

Perhaps as the psychologists think, it all reverts back to childhood — with little Steve proclaiming his disbelief in gods, and unwillingness to attend synagogue on the Jewish High Holidays. The truth is, I don’t really know why, but I succumb to a general uneasiness that sets in every fall.

So to counter the sinking feeling, here are a few (iPhone-quality) pictures of my favorite nearby weekend haunt, Lake Zorinsky in Omaha.

zorin-1

zorin-2

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